That’s what chocolate producers have traditionally done with the cocoa fruit – used the beans and disposed of the rest.
But now food scientists in Switzerland have come up with a way to make chocolate using the entire cocoa fruit rather than just the beans – and without using sugar.
The chocolate, developed at Zurich’s prestigious Federal Institute of Technology by scientist Kim Mishra and his team includes the cocoa fruit pulp, the juice, and the husk, or endocarp.
The process has already attracted the attention of sustainable food companies.
They say traditional chocolate production, using only the beans, involves leaving the rest of the cocoa fruit – the size of a pumpkin and full of nutritious value – to rot in the fields.
The key to the new chocolate lies in its very sweet juice, which tastes, Mr Mishra explains, “very fruity, a bit like pineapple”.
This juice, which is 14% sugar, is distilled down to form a highly concentrated syrup, combined with the pulp and then, taking sustainability to new levels, mixed with the dried husk, or endocarp, to form a very sweet cocoa gel.
The gel, when added to the cocoa beans to make chocolate, eliminates the need for sugar.
Mr Mishra sees his invention as the latest in a long line of innovations by Swiss chocolate producers.
In the 19th Century, Rudolf Lindt, of the famous Lindt chocolate family, accidentally invented the crucial step of “conching” the chocolate – rolling the warm cocoa mass to make it smooth and reduce its acidity – by leaving a cocoa mass mixer running overnight. The result in the morning? Deliciously smooth, sweet chocolate.
“You need to be innovative to maintain your product category,” says Mr Mishra. “Or… you will just make average chocolate.”
Mr Mishra was partnered in his project by KOA, a Swiss start-up working in sustainable cocoa growing. Its co-founder, Anian Schreiber, believes using the entire cocoa fruit could solve many of the cocoa industry’s problems, from the soaring price of cocoa beans to endemic poverty among cocoa farmers.
“‘Instead of fighting over who gets how much of the cake, you make the cake bigger and make everybody benefit,” he explains.
“The farmers get significantly extra income through utilising cocoa pulp, but also the important industrial processing is happening in the country of origin. Creating jobs, creating value that can be distributed in the country of origin.”
Mr Schreiber describes the traditional system of chocolate production, in which farmers in Africa or South America sell their cocoa beans to big chocolate producers based in wealthy countries as “unsustainable”.
The model is also questioned by a new exhibition in Geneva, which explores Switzerland’s colonial past.
To those who point out that Switzerland never had any colonies of its own, chocolate historian Letizia Pinoja counters that Swiss mercenary soldiers policed other countries’ colonies, and Swiss ship owners transported slaves.
Geneva in particular, she says, has a particular link to some of the most exploitative phases of the chocolate industry.
“Geneva is a hub for commodity trade, and since the 18th Century, cocoa was reaching Geneva and then the rest of Switzerland to produce chocolate.
“Without this commodity trade of colonial goods, Switzerland could never have become the land of chocolate. And cocoa is no different from any other kind of colonial good. They all came from slavery.”
Nowadays, the chocolate industry is much more highly regulated. Producers are supposed to monitor their entire supply chain to make sure there is no child labour. And, from next year, all chocolate imported to the European Union must guarantee that no deforestation took place to grow the cocoa used in it.
But does that mean all the problems are solved? Roger Wehrli, director of the association of Swiss chocolate manufacturers, Chocosuisse, says cases of child labour and deforestation remain, particularly in Africa. He fears that some producers, in a bid to avoid the challenges, are simply shifting their production to South America.
“Does this solve the problem in Africa? No. I guess it would be better for responsible firms to stay in Africa and help to improve the situation.”
That is why Mr Wehrli sees the new chocolate developed in Zurich as “very promising… If you use the whole cocoa fruit, you can get better prices. So it’s economically interesting for the farmers. And it’s interesting from an ecological point of view.”
The link between chocolate production and the environment is also stressed by Anian Schreiber. A third of all farm produce, he says, “never ends up in our mouths”.
Those statistics are even worse for cocoa, if the fruit is abandoned to use only the beans. “It’s like you throw away the apple and just use its seeds. That’s what we do right now with the cocoa fruit.”
Food production involves significant greenhouse gas emissions, so reducing food waste could also help to tackle climate change. Chocolate, a niche luxury item,may not by itself be a huge factor,but both Mr Schreiber and Mr Wehrli believe it could be a start.
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But, back in the laboratory, key questions remain. How much will this new chocolate cost? And, most important of all, without sugar, what does it really taste like?
The answer to the last question, in this chocolate-loving correspondent’s view, is: surprisingly good. A rich, dark but sweet flavour, with a hint of cocoa bitterness that would fit perfectly with an after dinner coffee.
The cost may remain something of a challenge, because of the global power of the sugar industry, and the generous subsidies it receives. “The cheapest ingredient in food will always be sugar as long as we subsidise it,” explains Kim Mishra. “For a… tonneof sugar, you pay $US500 [£394]or less.” Cocoa pulp and juice cost more, so the new chocolate would, for now, be more expensive.
Nevertheless, chocolate producers in countries where cocoa is grown, from Hawaii to Guatemala, to Ghana have contacted Mr Mishra for information about the new method.
In Switzerland, some of the bigger producers – including Lindt – are starting to use the cocoa fruit as well as the beans, but none, so far, has taken the step of eliminating sugar completely.
“We have to find daring chocolate producers who want to test the market and are willing to contribute to a more sustainable chocolate,” says Mr Mishra. “Then we can disrupt the system.”
Perhaps those daring producers will be found in Switzerland, whose chocolate industry makes 200,000 tonnes of chocolate each year, worth an estimated $US2bn. At Chocosuisse, Roger Wehrli sees a more sustainable, but still bright, future.
“I think chocolate will still taste fantastic in the future,” he insists. “And I think the demand will increase in the future due to the growing world population.”
And will they be eating Swiss chocolate? “Obviously,” he says.
source: Imogen Foulkes / Geneva Correspondent, BBC News
In a landmark moment for Ghana’s legal landscape, Juventus Duorinaah Esq., has etched his name in history as the country’s first lawyer with a hearing impairment.
His journey from a humble background to breaking barriers in the legal profession serves as a powerful inspiration for countless individuals in the disability community, proving that determination and resilience can defy societal expectations and create pathways to success.
For Juventus, the recognition as Ghana’s first deaf lawyer feels surreal.
“It feels like a dream,” he reflects, acknowledging the stereotypes surrounding deafness and the humble background from which he hails.
Juventus’ passion for law sparked in 2008 while seeking admission to the University of Ghana (UG). Although he initially faced challenges due to the nature of the application process, the help of his older brother and his determined spirit led him to pursue a Bachelor of Arts degree in 2012, followed by a Master of Laws at Cardiff University in 2014.
His passion for the study of law became highly intense when he had to study alongside qualified lawyers from several jurisdictions, even though he did not have a legal background. Here, he faced the unique challenge of studying without sign language interpreters, relying instead on a palantypist to transcribe lectures.
Juventus’ role model was his professor and mentor, Professor Luke Clement, who profoundly inspired him in shaping his understanding of law and human rights.
He remembers Prof. Thomas Stephens from the University of Ghana School Of Law, who inspired him with his way of dressing, in-depth knowledge of the law and engagement with students.
He recounts the enormous challenges he encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, when lectures moved online, and Dr Stephen’s tremendous support to ensure things moved quickly and smoothly for him.
“I also had the chance to have a few classes with the Dean himself, Prof. Raymond Atuguba. He taught the course such that some of us never felt scared as other lecturers made the course,’ he recalled.
Juventu’s academic journey was fraught with challenges, particularly in communication.
The year 2007 was the last time he studied with deaf peers. He was often the only deaf person in his classes throughout the following years of his education, which made interaction with peers difficult.
Despite these hurdles, he remained high-spirited, studying late into the night and seeking help from kind classmates when necessary.
Reflecting on his academic experience at UG, he connected his affection for the university to his older brother, who is also an alumnus. He felt inspired to be a student of the premier university, saying he would choose the University of Ghana any time, any day, if given the chance to further his studies or work.
The University Of Ghana School Of Law, along with its Dean, Professor Raymond Atuguba, the Director of Legal Education of the Ghana School of Law, Yaw Bramiah Oppong, and his capable team, including the Registrar and Deputy Registrar of the Ghana School of Law and the Office for Students with Special Needs (UG), made significant contributions to his journey.
Prof. Atuguba acknowledged Juventus’ achievement as evidence of the university’s commitment to Diversity, Equity and Inclusion.
Commenting on how the school accommodated his special needs, Prof. Atugugba explained that ‘In the case of Juventus, we worked closely with him to understand and address his special needs, ensuring he had access to the teaching and learning resources in the appropriate formats that would support his academic journey.
Professor Atuguba noted that Juventus’s journey is just beginning, and the future holds promise for him and the many lives he aims to touch along the way.
Juventus’s close friend, Ida Esi McOwusu Esq., described her first encounter with Juventus as ‘intriguing.’ “My first meeting with Juventus was in class, where he sat right in front of me in first year,” Ida reveals. She was intrigued and wanted to find out more about him, especially how Juventus navigated his way to this level. “I got closer and we became friends from there,” she remarked.
Mr Francis Kweku Essel, Juventus’ interpreter, shed light on the primary challenges he faced in carrying out his job, particularly the complex nature of legal terminology and concepts. This validates Ida’s comment on the interpreters’ lack of legal background as a challenge Lawyer Duorinaah encountred.
Juventus dreams of becoming a judge and aims to enhance justice delivery while serving as a role model for young people with disabilities.
He is currently mentoring a group of young deaf students interested in pursuing law, hoping to pave the way for future generations. What’s next for Lawyer Juventus? His next step is to complete his pupilage, after which he can decide further his legal career.
The Aspire Educational Complex in Koforidua recently concluded its Literacy Month, which began in November, with an exciting event dubbed ‘Costume Craze: Rep Your Favourite Book Character Day.’
The celebration saw both learners and teachers showcase their creativity by dressing as popular characters from books, cartoons, and traditional folklore.
Costumes ranged from Captain America, Snow White, Princess Elsa, and Spiderman to traditional icons like Kwaku Ananse and Ntikuma.
The event began with a lively red-carpet walk, where learners proudly displayed their chosen characters.
A key highlight of the day was a drama performance based on ‘The Dilemma of a Ghost,’ a story exploring cultural identity and challenges faced by an African American student who marries a ‘white’ woman and introduces her to traditional African customs.
The performance emphasised the importance of understanding and embracing cultural diversity.
Learners were also introduced to proper table manners during a delightful continental dinner, and engaged in photo shoots to capture memories of the special day.
Mrs Regina Ankomah Mensah, Head of the Pre- School Department, explained that the event was part of the school’s Literacy Month, aimed at fostering a love for reading and learning among students.
She highlighted that the initiative aligned with UNESCO’s International Literacy Day, celebrated annually on September 8, to promote reading, writing, and effective communication.
Aspire Educational Complex dedicated the entire month of November to literacy under the theme: ‘Reading Every Day Takes Illiteracy Away.’
Activities included a book fair encouraging students to purchase and read books, the “Get Caught Reading Everywhere” campaign with the slogan “Dear Time” (Drop Everything and Read), and creative competitions such as a Colour Spelling Bee and Text Reading Challenge.
The Nana Affum Mireku Foundation has donated GH¢ 10,000 towards the maiden Sickle Cell Week celebration in Kwahu.
The gesture was to support the fight against the sickle cell disease and raise awareness about the condition, promote education, and provide support to those living with it.
The week-long celebration, led by Philomena Frimpong, a Senior Nursing Officer at the Paediatrics Department of the Kwahu Government Hospital, brought together key stakeholders, including healthcare professionals, community leaders, youth, advocates, and residents.
The event highlighted the importance of early detection, proper management, and the need to break the stigma surrounding sickle cell disease.
Activities commenced with an engaging opening ceremony, followed by a vibrant health walk through the streets of Kwahu, uniting participants under the shared cause of raising awareness.
A blood donation exercise was also organised to support individuals in need of blood, as it remains a vital aspect of managing sickle cell-related health crises.
Also, healthcare professionals provided free medical screenings to identify potential cases and offered detailed educational sessions on the condition. These sessions addressed common myths and misconceptions, equipping participants with knowledge about preventive measures, proper care practices, and the importance of regular health check-ups.
Commenting on the initiative, Ms Frimpong said “This support is a beacon of hope for our community. It demonstrates that collective efforts can make a difference in tackling the challenges posed by the sickle cell disease,” she noted.
Speaking at the ceremony, Executive Director of the Foundation, Sandra Mireku underscored the Foundation’s commitment to impacting lives and communities.
“We at the Nana Affum Mireku Foundation are thrilled to support such a laudable initiative. By raising awareness and providing resources, we believe we can change the narrative, enhance care for those affected, and empower families to seek timely medical attention,” she said.
The Nana Affum Mireku Foundation also called on other leaders, organisations, and philanthropists to join the cause by investing in community-driven initiatives that tackle health challenges like sickle cell disease.
Ms Mireku presenting a dummy cheque to a representstive of the hospital
Regent University holds 18th graduation ceremony
REGENT University College of Science and Technology has held its 18th graduation ceremony with a call on students to be agents of change.
A total of 210 graduates received their degrees, comprising 178 undergraduates and 32 postgraduates, who completed various programmes in fields such as law, energy and sustainability, theology, business administration, and more.
Professor Emmanuel Kingsley Kwabena Larbi, founder of the college, said the purpose of education is to empower an individual to help improve his or her immediate environment and beyond.
Professor Larbi noted that such qualities were indispensable to the country’s quest to achieve food security, restore its vanishing natural resources, and chalk socio-economic progress on the whole.
He charged the graduates to be among those who see their certificates as a means to a greater end, saying “be the eye of those who have lost their sense of purpose; be the mouth of those who cannot speak for themselves.”
In a speech read on behalf of the Minister for Education, Dr Yaw Adutwum, Dr Tina Abrefa Gyan, Deputy Director General, Commission for TVET, emphasised the significance of education in unlocking human potential.
Dr Gyan challenged universities to inspire students to think critically, act with integrity, and embrace their responsibilities as global citizens.
In his address, the President of Regent, Nana Yaw Boadi Appiah, commended the graduating class for their perseverance.
In attendance were members of the University Council, management, faculty, and administrative staff.
Also present were friends and family of the graduating class, alumni, and students, representatives from affiliate universities and partners, as well as distinguished guests from government, business, and traditional leadership. –GNA